Which option is NOT listed as a cause of urge incontinence?

• A. Urethral stricture
• B. Neuropathic injury
• C. Obstruction
• D. Inflammation

Answer: (A)

Urge incontinence stems from detrusor overactivity—the bladder muscle contracts involuntarily, producing leakage when a sudden urge hits. This pattern is driven by factors that irritate the bladder or disrupt its neural control. Neuropathic injury can alter sensory signaling and trigger inappropriate detrusor contractions. Inflammation irritates the bladder lining, heightening urgency. Obstruction, by causing the bladder to work harder and sometimes triggering reflex overactivity, can also contribute to urge symptoms.

Urethral stricture, however, is a mechanical narrowing of the urethra that mainly causes voiding difficulties and retention, not involuntary leakage with an urgent need to void. It doesn’t typically provoke detrusor overactivity, so it’s not considered a cause of urge incontinence. The other options align with mechanisms that promote an overactive detrusor, which is why they fit as causes of urge incontinence.