Which parameter helps identify overflow incontinence?

• A. Nocturnal enuresis.
• B. Elevated post-void residual urine volume indicating incomplete bladder emptying.
• C. Increased daytime urinary frequency.
• D. Decreased bladder capacity.

Answer: (B)

Overflow incontinence stems from the bladder not emptying fully, so urine remains after voiding and the bladder overfills, leading to leakage. The best way to identify this pattern is by looking at the post-void residual volume—the amount of urine left in the bladder after voiding. If this residual is elevated, it shows incomplete bladder emptying, which directly points to overflow incontinence.

Nocturnal enuresis can occur for other reasons and isn’t specific to overflow. Increased daytime urinary frequency usually reflects urgency or an overactive bladder rather than failure to empty. Decreased bladder capacity can raise urge symptoms but doesn’t by itself demonstrate incomplete emptying.