Which statement differentiates mixed urinary incontinence from pure stress incontinence in terms of leakage triggers?

• A. Pure stress incontinence leaks primarily with physical effort and coughing or sneezing, with minimal or no urgency.
• B. Leakage occurs only with an urge to void.
• C. Mixed incontinence includes leakage with both urgency and physical activity.
• D. Overflow incontinence leaks due to incomplete bladder emptying.

Answer: (C)

The thing being tested is how leakage triggers distinguish mixed urinary incontinence from pure stress incontinence. Mixed incontinence involves leakage driven by both urgency (a sudden need to void) and physical activity that increases abdominal pressure. Pure stress incontinence, on the other hand, leaks mainly with effort, coughing, or sneezing, and urgency is minimal or absent.

So the best statement is that mixed incontinence includes leakage with both urgency and physical activity. That captures the dual triggers that define mixed, whereas pure stress is about leakage with exertion alone. Leakage only with an urge describes pure urge incontinence, not mixed; overflow incontinence involves leakage from incomplete bladder emptying and is a different pattern; and pure stress describes leakage due to abdominal pressure without an urge component. In practice, recognizing both components in mixed incontinence guides combined treatment approaches.